Such as a matrilineal kinship system is common among many other Native American peoples, including other Algonquian tribes. As the Hopewell culture declined, circa 800 A.D., the Lake Michigan region eventually became home to Late Woodland Indians. Unlike other Algonquian tribes, a newlywed couple would move in with the husband’s family. The Menominee are descendants of the Late Woodland Indians who inhabited the lands once occupied by Hopewell Indians, the earliest human inhabitants of the Lake Michigan region. It had a complicated structure and two trusts, one of which, First Wisconsin Trust Company, was appointed by the BIA. From their central village, the Menominee traveled within a radius of at least 100 miles from Michigan's upper peninsula and through north-central Wisconsin. Settlement Pattern, Social Organization, and Kinship, European Contact, the Fur Trade, and Change, Modern Tribal Communities: Politics, Prosperity, and Problems, Nations in Wisconsin: Sovereignty and Treaty Rights. Menominee (pronounced muh-NOM-uh-nee) means “Wild-Rice People.”This name comes from their reliance on wild rice.The French also called them Folle Avoines, or “Crazy Oat Indians”.. /* 728x15 link ad */ They are struggling to get out of poverty, to maintain their native tongue, and to obtain a healthy quality of life. MPM strives to be accessible to all visitors. Under the direction of Ada Deer, a Menominee woman, DRUMS pushed for the restoration of the Menominee federal status. The small non-reservation parts of the county are more densely populated than the reservation, holding 1,337 (29.3%) of the county's 4,562 total population, as opposed to the reservation's 3,225 (70.7%) population, as of the 2000 census.[20]. The Menominee did not have direct contact with the Iroquois but, along with other tribes, they suffered starvation, disease, and intertribal warfare, thus reducing their population. In 1905, a tornado swept through the reservation, downing a massive amount of timber. The Menominee lived around Green Bay when the French explorer Jean Nicolet arrived there in 1634. These treaties were pressed onto the Menominee chiefs but during the time of Indian removal, tribes had little control over their lands.  The Menominee sold their remaining land in two more treaties in 1836 and 1848 in which the tribe surrendered 4.2 million acres for $620,000 and a new 600,000 acre reservation on the Crow Wing River in Minnesota.Â, The Crow Wing River proved to be a troublesome location, as it was located between the warring Dakota and Ojibwe.  The chief of the Menominee tribe, Oshkosh, and a small group of tribal leaders refused to leave their land in Wisconsin saying the 1848 Treaty of Lake Poygan was invalid due to excessive American pressure to sign.  The chief’s efforts led to the 1854 treaty giving the Menominee 235,000 acres of land on the Wolf River in northeast Wisconsin – about 3% of their pre-contact controlled lands.  The Menominee reservation has remained intact ever since, though they have faced several challenges along the way including disease, logging companies, residential development and economic poverty.Â. The bands, now living in different areas of the reservation and led by different individuals, also chose adaptations suited to the areas they occupied, such as farming or logging. The reservation's total land area is 353.894 sq mi (916.581 km2), while Menominee County's land area is 357.960 sq mi (927.11 km2). Frechette, Richard J. Website of Menominee: https://www.menominee-nsn.gov/. All tribal property and assets were held by Menominee Enterprises, Incorporated. It is apparent that the Menominee Tribe is suffering greatly. They blocked the proposed sale of tribal land by MEI to non-Indian developers, and successfully gained control of the MEI board of directors. Soon afterward, the Menominee became embroiled in a disagreement with the Oneida, Stockbridge-Munsee, and Brothertown Indians. The first, in 1821, ceded a small tract along the Fox River, but the second in 1822 ceded over 6.7 million acres. For accommodation requests related to a disability, contact us at access@mpm.edu or 414-278-2728. All tribal property and assets were held by Menominee Enterprises, Incorporated. After the tribe had regained federal recognition in 1973, it essentially restored the reservation to its historic boundaries in 1975. The reservation hospital at Keshena closed due to the lack of federal funds.

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