Supply may also increase because of improved production efficiency, technology, or the construction of reservoirs that increase surface water storage capacity. Because of the natural variability of climate, water supply is ample in some years but unable to meet human and environmental needs in other years. ; and M.H. Meteorological Drought is based on the degree of dryness or rainfall deficit and the length of the dry period. It takes longer for precipitation deficiencies to show up in components of the hydrological system such as soil moisture, streamflow, and groundwater and reservoir levels. It differs from the aforementioned types of drought because its occurrence depends on the time and space processes of supply and demand to identify or classify droughts. Working off-campus? Water International 10(3):111–120.) Meteorological drought is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some “normal” or average amount) and the duration of the dry period. Projections of future meteorological drought events under representative concentration pathways (RCPs) of CMIP5 over Kenya, East Africa, Rossby centre atmospheric regional climate model (RCA4). Geophysics, Marine The present study examines drought events by characterizing the trend, intensity, severity and frequency based on Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), over Kenya, East Africa for near future (2010–2039), mid-century (2040–2069), and late century (2070–2100). The overall projections show that more wet scenario is depicted, with fewer cases of drought towards the end of the century. Agricultural drought links the various characteristics of meteorological drought to agricultural impacts, focusing on precipitation shortages, differences between actual and potential evapotranspiration, and soil moisture deficits. UNL web framework and quality assurance provided by the, Apply to the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Give to the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Drought Mitigation Center's website. Title: Meteorological Drought. A good definition of agricultural drought should be able to account for the variable susceptibility of crops during different stages of crop development, from emergence to maturity. Plant water demand depends on prevailing weather conditions, biological characteristics of the specific plant, its stage of growth, and the physical and biological properties of the soil. Locations such as Manaus, Brazil; New Orleans, Louisiana (U.S.A.); and London, England, are examples. Further, the models are bias corrected based on a quantile mapping bias corrected algorithm in order to minimize possible bias for accurate projections. Extended periods without rainfall are common in Omaha, Nebraska (U.S.A.); Fortaleza, CearÃÂ (Brazil); and Darwin, Northwest Territory (Australia), and a definition based on the number of days with precipitation less than some specified threshold is unrealistic in these cases. Other definitions may relate actual precipitation departures to average amounts on monthly, seasonal, or annual time scales. Related to Geologic Time, Mineralogy If both supply and demand are increasing, the critical factor is the relative rate of change. The first three approaches deal with ways to measure drought as a physical phenomenon. Some parts of this site work best with JavaScript enabled. Adapted with permission from the National Drought Mitigation Center's website. Deficient topsoil moisture at planting may hinder germination, leading to low plant populations per hectare and a reduction of final yield. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article. and Petrology, Exploration Physics, Solar Meteorological drought is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some "normal" or average amount) and the duration of the dry period. Email: water@unl.edu. If you do not receive an email within 10 minutes, your email address may not be registered, The results demonstrate relatively better performance of biased corrected MME derived from Rossby Centre regional climate model (RCA4) in simulating drought indices over the Kenya. The study examines drought trends, intensity, severity and frequency using SPI over Kenya. Socioeconomic definitions of drought associate the supply and demand of some economic good with elements of meteorological, hydrological, and agricultural drought. Meteorological and climatological drought is defined in terms of the magnitude of a precipitation shortfall and the duration of this shortfall event. and Chemical Oceanography, Physical
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